/**
 * elancom Corporation copy right 2012 - 2015  
 *   
 * $Header: https://192.168.1.224/svn/elancom/product/elancom-platform/trunk/src/main/java/com/elancom/framework/commons/json/util/AnticollisionHashMap.java 1034 2012-07-02 03:09:12Z lanzhouxue $
 * $Id: AnticollisionHashMap.java 1034 2012-07-02 03:09:12Z lanzhouxue $
 * $Author: lanzhouxue $
 * $Date: 2012-07-02 11:09:12 +0800 (Mon, 02 Jul 2012) $
 * $Revision: 1034 $
 */
package com.elancom.framework.commons.json.util;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.AbstractCollection;
import java.util.AbstractMap;
import java.util.AbstractSet;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.ConcurrentModificationException;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeMap;

/**
 * This class modfiy from jdk src.
 * 
 * Hash table based implementation of the <tt>Map</tt> interface. This implementation provides all of the optional map operations, and permits <tt>null</tt>
 * values and the <tt>null</tt> key. (The <tt>SafelyHashMap</tt> class is roughly equivalent to <tt>Hashtable</tt>, except that it is unsynchronized and permits
 * nulls.) This class makes no guarantees as to the order of the map; in particular, it does not guarantee that the order will remain constant over time.
 * 
 * <p>
 * This implementation provides constant-time performance for the basic operations (<tt>get</tt> and <tt>put</tt>), assuming the hash function disperses the
 * elements properly among the buckets. Iteration over collection views requires time proportional to the "capacity" of the <tt>SafelyHashMap</tt> instance (the
 * number of buckets) plus its size (the number of key-value mappings). Thus, it's very important not to set the initial capacity too high (or the load factor
 * too low) if iteration performance is important.
 * 
 * <p>
 * An instance of <tt>SafelyHashMap</tt> has two parameters that affect its performance: <i>initial capacity</i> and <i>load factor</i>. The <i>capacity</i> is
 * the number of buckets in the hash table, and the initial capacity is simply the capacity at the time the hash table is created. The <i>load factor</i> is a
 * measure of how full the hash table is allowed to get before its capacity is automatically increased. When the number of entries in the hash table exceeds the
 * product of the load factor and the current capacity, the hash table is <i>rehashed</i> (that is, internal data structures are rebuilt) so that the hash table
 * has approximately twice the number of buckets.
 * 
 * <p>
 * As a general rule, the default load factor (.75) offers a good tradeoff between time and space costs. Higher values decrease the space overhead but increase
 * the lookup cost (reflected in most of the operations of the <tt>SafelyHashMap</tt> class, including <tt>get</tt> and <tt>put</tt>). The expected number of
 * entries in the map and its load factor should be taken into account when setting its initial capacity, so as to minimize the number of rehash operations. If
 * the initial capacity is greater than the maximum number of entries divided by the load factor, no rehash operations will ever occur.
 * 
 * <p>
 * If many mappings are to be stored in a <tt>SafelyHashMap</tt> instance, creating it with a sufficiently large capacity will allow the mappings to be stored
 * more efficiently than letting it perform automatic rehashing as needed to grow the table.
 * 
 * <p>
 * <strong>Note that this implementation is not synchronized.</strong> If multiple threads access a hash map concurrently, and at least one of the threads
 * modifies the map structurally, it <i>must</i> be synchronized externally. (A structural modification is any operation that adds or deletes one or more
 * mappings; merely changing the value associated with a key that an instance already contains is not a structural modification.) This is typically accomplished
 * by synchronizing on some object that naturally encapsulates the map.
 * 
 * If no such object exists, the map should be "wrapped" using the {@link Collections#synchronizedMap Collections.synchronizedMap} method. This is best done at
 * creation time, to prevent accidental unsynchronized access to the map:
 * 
 * <pre>
 *   Map m = Collections.synchronizedMap(new SafelyHashMap(...));
 * </pre>
 * 
 * <p>
 * The iterators returned by all of this class's "collection view methods" are <i>fail-fast</i>: if the map is structurally modified at any time after the
 * iterator is created, in any way except through the iterator's own <tt>remove</tt> method, the iterator will throw a {@link ConcurrentModificationException}.
 * Thus, in the face of concurrent modification, the iterator fails quickly and cleanly, rather than risking arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at an
 * undetermined time in the future.
 * 
 * <p>
 * Note that the fail-fast behavior of an iterator cannot be guaranteed as it is, generally speaking, impossible to make any hard guarantees in the presence of
 * unsynchronized concurrent modification. Fail-fast iterators throw <tt>ConcurrentModificationException</tt> on a best-effort basis. Therefore, it would be
 * wrong to write a program that depended on this exception for its correctness: <i>the fail-fast behavior of iterators should be used only to detect bugs.</i>
 * 
 * <p>
 * This class is a member of the <a href="{@docRoot} /../technotes/guides/collections/index.html"> Java Collections Framework</a>.
 * 
 * @param <K>
 *            the type of keys maintained by this map
 * @param <V>
 *            the type of mapped values
 * 
 * @author Axman
 * @author Doug Lea
 * @author Josh Bloch
 * @author Arthur van Hoff
 * @author Neal Gafter
 * @version %I%, %G%
 * @see Object#hashCode()
 * @see Collection
 * @see Map
 * @see TreeMap
 * @see Hashtable
 * @since 1.2
 */
@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
public class AnticollisionHashMap<K, V> extends AbstractMap<K, V> implements Map<K, V>, Cloneable, Serializable {

	transient volatile Set<K> keySet = null;
	transient volatile Collection<V> values = null;

	/**
	 * The default initial capacity - MUST be a power of two.
	 */
	static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16;

	/**
	 * The maximum capacity, used if a higher value is implicitly specified by either of the constructors with arguments. MUST be a power of two <= 1<<30.
	 */
	static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;

	/**
	 * The load factor used when none specified in constructor.
	 */
	static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;

	/**
	 * The table, resized as necessary. Length MUST Always be a power of two.
	 */
	transient Entry<K, V>[] table;

	/**
	 * The number of key-value mappings contained in this map.
	 */
	transient int size;

	/**
	 * The next size value at which to resize (capacity * load factor).
	 * 
	 * @serial
	 */
	int threshold;

	/**
	 * The load factor for the hash table.
	 * 
	 * @serial
	 */
	final float loadFactor;

	/**
	 * The number of times this SafelyHashMap has been structurally modified Structural modifications are those that change the number of mappings in the
	 * SafelyHashMap or otherwise modify its internal structure (e.g., rehash). This field is used to make iterators on Collection-views of the SafelyHashMap
	 * fail-fast. (See ConcurrentModificationException).
	 */
	transient volatile int modCount;

	/**
	 * Constructs an empty <tt>SafelyHashMap</tt> with the specified initial capacity and load factor.
	 * 
	 * @param initialCapacity
	 *            the initial capacity
	 * @param loadFactor
	 *            the load factor
	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException
	 *             if the initial capacity is negative or the load factor is nonpositive
	 */

	final static int M_MASK = 0x8765fed3;
	final static int SEED = -2128831035;
	final int random = new Random().nextInt(99999); // a fixed value in an
													// instance
	final static int KEY = 16777619;

	private int hashString(String key) {
		final char[] cs = key.toCharArray();
		int hash = SEED * random;
		for (final char c : cs) {
			hash = (hash * KEY) ^ c;
		}
		return (hash ^ (hash >> 1)) & M_MASK;
	}

	public AnticollisionHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
		if (initialCapacity < 0) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " + initialCapacity);
		}
		if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
			initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
		}
		if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor)) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " + loadFactor);
		}

		// Find a power of 2 >= initialCapacity
		int capacity = 1;
		while (capacity < initialCapacity) {
			capacity <<= 1;
		}

		this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
		threshold = (int) (capacity * loadFactor);
		table = new Entry[capacity];
		init();
	}

	/**
	 * Constructs an empty <tt>SafelyHashMap</tt> with the specified initial capacity and the default load factor (0.75).
	 * 
	 * @param initialCapacity
	 *            the initial capacity.
	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException
	 *             if the initial capacity is negative.
	 */
	public AnticollisionHashMap(int initialCapacity) {
		this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
	}

	/**
	 * Constructs an empty <tt>SafelyHashMap</tt> with the default initial capacity (16) and the default load factor (0.75).
	 */
	public AnticollisionHashMap() {
		this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR;
		threshold = (int) (DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY * DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
		table = new Entry[DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY];
		init();
	}

	/**
	 * Constructs a new <tt>SafelyHashMap</tt> with the same mappings as the specified <tt>Map</tt>. The <tt>SafelyHashMap</tt> is created with default load
	 * factor (0.75) and an initial capacity sufficient to hold the mappings in the specified <tt>Map</tt>.
	 * 
	 * @param m
	 *            the map whose mappings are to be placed in this map
	 * @throws NullPointerException
	 *             if the specified map is null
	 */
	public AnticollisionHashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
		this(Math.max((int) (m.size() / DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR) + 1, DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY), DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
		putAllForCreate(m);
	}

	// internal utilities

	/**
	 * Initialization hook for subclasses. This method is called in all constructors and pseudo-constructors (clone, readObject) after SafelyHashMap has been
	 * initialized but before any entries have been inserted. (In the absence of this method, readObject would require explicit knowledge of subclasses.)
	 */
	void init() {
	}

	/**
	 * Applies a supplemental hash function to a given hashCode, which defends against poor quality hash functions. This is critical because SafelyHashMap uses
	 * power-of-two length hash tables, that otherwise encounter collisions for hashCodes that do not differ in lower bits. Note: Null keys always map to hash
	 * 0, thus index 0.
	 */
	static int hash(int h) {
		// This function ensures that hashCodes that differ only by
		// constant multiples at each bit position have a bounded
		// number of collisions (approximately 8 at default load factor).
		h = h * h;
		h ^= (h >>> 20) ^ (h >>> 12);
		return h ^ (h >>> 7) ^ (h >>> 4);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns index for hash code h.
	 */
	static int indexFor(int h, int length) {
		return h & (length - 1);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the number of key-value mappings in this map.
	 * 
	 * @return the number of key-value mappings in this map
	 */
	@Override
	public int size() {
		return size;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map contains no key-value mappings.
	 * 
	 * @return <tt>true</tt> if this map contains no key-value mappings
	 */
	@Override
	public boolean isEmpty() {
		return size == 0;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped, or {@code null} if this map contains no mapping for the key.
	 * 
	 * <p>
	 * More formally, if this map contains a mapping from a key {@code k} to a value {@code v} such that {@code (key==null ? k==null :
	 * key.equals(k))}, then this method returns {@code v}; otherwise it returns {@code null}. (There can be at most one such mapping.)
	 * 
	 * <p>
	 * A return value of {@code null} does not <i>necessarily</i> indicate that the map contains no mapping for the key; it's also possible that the map
	 * explicitly maps the key to {@code null}. The {@link #containsKey containsKey} operation may be used to distinguish these two cases.
	 * 
	 * @see #put(Object, Object)
	 */
	@Override
	public V get(Object key) {
		if (key == null) {
			return getForNullKey();
		}
		int hash = 0;
		if (key instanceof String) {
			hash = hash(hashString((String) key));
		} else {
			hash = hash(key.hashCode());
		}
		for (Entry<K, V> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)]; e != null; e = e.next) {
			Object k;
			if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {
				return e.value;
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Offloaded version of get() to look up null keys. Null keys map to index 0. This null case is split out into separate methods for the sake of performance
	 * in the two most commonly used operations (get and put), but incorporated with conditionals in others.
	 */
	private V getForNullKey() {
		for (Entry<K, V> e = table[0]; e != null; e = e.next) {
			if (e.key == null) {
				return e.value;
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map contains a mapping for the specified key.
	 * 
	 * @param key
	 *            The key whose presence in this map is to be tested
	 * @return <tt>true</tt> if this map contains a mapping for the specified key.
	 */
	@Override
	public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
		return getEntry(key) != null;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the entry associated with the specified key in the SafelyHashMap. Returns null if the SafelyHashMap contains no mapping for the key.
	 */
	final Entry<K, V> getEntry(Object key) {
		final int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : (key instanceof String) ? hash(hashString((String) key)) : hash(key.hashCode());
		for (Entry<K, V> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)]; e != null; e = e.next) {
			Object k;
			if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
				return e;
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Associates the specified value with the specified key in this map. If the map previously contained a mapping for the key, the old value is replaced.
	 * 
	 * @param key
	 *            key with which the specified value is to be associated
	 * @param value
	 *            value to be associated with the specified key
	 * @return the previous value associated with <tt>key</tt>, or <tt>null</tt> if there was no mapping for <tt>key</tt>. (A <tt>null</tt> return can also
	 *         indicate that the map previously associated <tt>null</tt> with <tt>key</tt>.)
	 */
	@Override
	public V put(K key, V value) {
		if (key == null) {
			return putForNullKey(value);
		}
		int hash = 0;
		if (key instanceof String) {
			hash = hash(hashString((String) key));
		} else {
			hash = hash(key.hashCode());
		}
		final int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
		for (Entry<K, V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
			Object k;
			if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {
				final V oldValue = e.value;
				e.value = value;
				e.recordAccess(this);
				return oldValue;
			}
		}

		modCount++;
		addEntry(hash, key, value, i);
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Offloaded version of put for null keys
	 */
	private V putForNullKey(V value) {
		for (Entry<K, V> e = table[0]; e != null; e = e.next) {
			if (e.key == null) {
				final V oldValue = e.value;
				e.value = value;
				e.recordAccess(this);
				return oldValue;
			}
		}
		modCount++;
		addEntry(0, null, value, 0);
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * This method is used instead of put by constructors and pseudoconstructors (clone, readObject). It does not resize the table, check for comodification,
	 * etc. It calls createEntry rather than addEntry.
	 */
	private void putForCreate(K key, V value) {
		final int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : (key instanceof String) ? hash(hashString((String) key)) : hash(key.hashCode());
		final int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);

		/**
		 * Look for preexisting entry for key. This will never happen for clone or deserialize. It will only happen for construction if the input Map is a
		 * sorted map whose ordering is inconsistent w/ equals.
		 */
		for (Entry<K, V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
			Object k;
			if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
				e.value = value;
				return;
			}
		}

		createEntry(hash, key, value, i);
	}

	private void putAllForCreate(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
		for (final java.util.Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e : m.entrySet()) {
			putForCreate(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Rehashes the contents of this map into a new array with a larger capacity. This method is called automatically when the number of keys in this map
	 * reaches its threshold.
	 * 
	 * If current capacity is MAXIMUM_CAPACITY, this method does not resize the map, but sets threshold to Integer.MAX_VALUE. This has the effect of preventing
	 * future calls.
	 * 
	 * @param newCapacity
	 *            the new capacity, MUST be a power of two; must be greater than current capacity unless current capacity is MAXIMUM_CAPACITY (in which case
	 *            value is irrelevant).
	 */
	void resize(int newCapacity) {
		final Entry<K, V>[] oldTable = table;
		final int oldCapacity = oldTable.length;
		if (oldCapacity == MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
			threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
			return;
		}

		final Entry<K, V>[] newTable = new Entry[newCapacity];
		transfer(newTable);
		table = newTable;
		threshold = (int) (newCapacity * loadFactor);
	}

	/**
	 * Transfers all entries from current table to newTable.
	 */
	void transfer(Entry[] newTable) {
		final Entry[] src = table;
		final int newCapacity = newTable.length;
		for (int j = 0; j < src.length; j++) {
			Entry<K, V> e = src[j];
			if (e != null) {
				src[j] = null;
				do {
					final Entry<K, V> next = e.next;
					final int i = indexFor(e.hash, newCapacity);
					e.next = newTable[i];
					newTable[i] = e;
					e = next;
				} while (e != null);
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Copies all of the mappings from the specified map to this map. These mappings will replace any mappings that this map had for any of the keys currently
	 * in the specified map.
	 * 
	 * @param m
	 *            mappings to be stored in this map
	 * @throws NullPointerException
	 *             if the specified map is null
	 */
	@Override
	public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
		final int numKeysToBeAdded = m.size();
		if (numKeysToBeAdded == 0) {
			return;
		}

		/*
		 * Expand the map if the map if the number of mappings to be added is greater than or equal to threshold. This is conservative; the obvious condition is
		 * (m.size() + size) >= threshold, but this condition could result in a map with twice the appropriate capacity, if the keys to be added overlap with
		 * the keys already in this map. By using the conservative calculation, we subject ourself to at most one extra resize.
		 */
		if (numKeysToBeAdded > threshold) {
			int targetCapacity = (int) (numKeysToBeAdded / loadFactor + 1);
			if (targetCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
				targetCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
			}
			int newCapacity = table.length;
			while (newCapacity < targetCapacity) {
				newCapacity <<= 1;
			}
			if (newCapacity > table.length) {
				resize(newCapacity);
			}
		}

		for (final java.util.Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e : m.entrySet()) {
			put(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Removes the mapping for the specified key from this map if present.
	 * 
	 * @param key
	 *            key whose mapping is to be removed from the map
	 * @return the previous value associated with <tt>key</tt>, or <tt>null</tt> if there was no mapping for <tt>key</tt>. (A <tt>null</tt> return can also
	 *         indicate that the map previously associated <tt>null</tt> with <tt>key</tt>.)
	 */
	@Override
	public V remove(Object key) {
		final Entry<K, V> e = removeEntryForKey(key);
		return (e == null ? null : e.value);
	}

	/**
	 * Removes and returns the entry associated with the specified key in the SafelyHashMap. Returns null if the SafelyHashMap contains no mapping for this key.
	 */
	final Entry<K, V> removeEntryForKey(Object key) {
		final int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : (key instanceof String) ? hash(hashString((String) key)) : hash(key.hashCode());
		final int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
		Entry<K, V> prev = table[i];
		Entry<K, V> e = prev;

		while (e != null) {
			final Entry<K, V> next = e.next;
			Object k;
			if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
				modCount++;
				size--;
				if (prev == e) {
					table[i] = next;
				} else {
					prev.next = next;
				}
				e.recordRemoval(this);
				return e;
			}
			prev = e;
			e = next;
		}

		return e;
	}

	/**
	 * Special version of remove for EntrySet.
	 */
	final Entry<K, V> removeMapping(Object o) {
		if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry)) {
			return null;
		}

		final Map.Entry<K, V> entry = (Map.Entry<K, V>) o;
		final Object key = entry.getKey();
		final int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : (key instanceof String) ? hash(hashString((String) key)) : hash(key.hashCode());
		final int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
		Entry<K, V> prev = table[i];
		Entry<K, V> e = prev;

		while (e != null) {
			final Entry<K, V> next = e.next;
			if (e.hash == hash && e.equals(entry)) {
				modCount++;
				size--;
				if (prev == e) {
					table[i] = next;
				} else {
					prev.next = next;
				}
				e.recordRemoval(this);
				return e;
			}
			prev = e;
			e = next;
		}

		return e;
	}

	/**
	 * Removes all of the mappings from this map. The map will be empty after this call returns.
	 */
	@Override
	public void clear() {
		modCount++;
		final Entry[] tab = table;
		for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; i++) {
			tab[i] = null;
		}
		size = 0;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map maps one or more keys to the specified value.
	 * 
	 * @param value
	 *            value whose presence in this map is to be tested
	 * @return <tt>true</tt> if this map maps one or more keys to the specified value
	 */
	@Override
	public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
		if (value == null) {
			return containsNullValue();
		}

		final Entry[] tab = table;
		for (final Entry element : tab) {
			for (Entry e = element; e != null; e = e.next) {
				if (value.equals(e.value)) {
					return true;
				}
			}
		}
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Special-case code for containsValue with null argument
	 */
	private boolean containsNullValue() {
		final Entry[] tab = table;
		for (final Entry element : tab) {
			for (Entry e = element; e != null; e = e.next) {
				if (e.value == null) {
					return true;
				}
			}
		}
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns a shallow copy of this <tt>SafelyHashMap</tt> instance: the keys and values themselves are not cloned.
	 * 
	 * @return a shallow copy of this map
	 */
	@Override
	public Object clone() {
		AnticollisionHashMap<K, V> result = null;
		try {
			result = (AnticollisionHashMap<K, V>) super.clone();
		} catch (final CloneNotSupportedException e) {
			// assert false;
		}
		result.table = new Entry[table.length];
		result.entrySet = null;
		result.modCount = 0;
		result.size = 0;
		result.init();
		result.putAllForCreate(this);

		return result;
	}

	static class Entry<K, V> implements Map.Entry<K, V> {
		final K key;
		V value;
		Entry<K, V> next;
		final int hash;

		/**
		 * Creates new entry.
		 */
		Entry(int h, K k, V v, Entry<K, V> n) {
			value = v;
			next = n;
			key = k;
			hash = h;
		}

		@Override
		public final K getKey() {
			return key;
		}

		@Override
		public final V getValue() {
			return value;
		}

		@Override
		public final V setValue(V newValue) {
			final V oldValue = value;
			value = newValue;
			return oldValue;
		}

		@Override
		public final boolean equals(Object o) {
			if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry)) {
				return false;
			}
			final Map.Entry e = (Map.Entry) o;
			final Object k1 = getKey();
			final Object k2 = e.getKey();
			if (k1 == k2 || (k1 != null && k1.equals(k2))) {
				final Object v1 = getValue();
				final Object v2 = e.getValue();
				if (v1 == v2 || (v1 != null && v1.equals(v2))) {
					return true;
				}
			}
			return false;
		}

		@Override
		public final int hashCode() {
			return (key == null ? 0 : key.hashCode()) ^ (value == null ? 0 : value.hashCode());
		}

		@Override
		public final String toString() {
			return getKey() + "=" + getValue();
		}

		/**
		 * This method is invoked whenever the value in an entry is overwritten by an invocation of put(k,v) for a key k that's already in the SafelyHashMap.
		 */
		void recordAccess(AnticollisionHashMap<K, V> m) {
		}

		/**
		 * This method is invoked whenever the entry is removed from the table.
		 */
		void recordRemoval(AnticollisionHashMap<K, V> m) {
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Adds a new entry with the specified key, value and hash code to the specified bucket. It is the responsibility of this method to resize the table if
	 * appropriate.
	 * 
	 * Subclass overrides this to alter the behavior of put method.
	 */
	void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
		final Entry<K, V> e = table[bucketIndex];
		table[bucketIndex] = new Entry<K, V>(hash, key, value, e);
		if (size++ >= threshold) {
			resize(2 * table.length);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Like addEntry except that this version is used when creating entries as part of Map construction or "pseudo-construction" (cloning, deserialization).
	 * This version needn't worry about resizing the table.
	 * 
	 * Subclass overrides this to alter the behavior of SafelyHashMap(Map), clone, and readObject.
	 */
	void createEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
		final Entry<K, V> e = table[bucketIndex];
		table[bucketIndex] = new Entry<K, V>(hash, key, value, e);
		size++;
	}

	private abstract class HashIterator<E> implements Iterator<E> {
		Entry<K, V> next; // next entry to return
		int expectedModCount; // For fast-fail
		int index; // current slot
		Entry<K, V> current; // current entry

		HashIterator() {
			expectedModCount = modCount;
			if (size > 0) { // advance to first entry
				final Entry[] t = table;
				while (index < t.length && (next = t[index++]) == null) {
					;
				}
			}
		}

		@Override
		public final boolean hasNext() {
			return next != null;
		}

		final Entry<K, V> nextEntry() {
			if (modCount != expectedModCount) {
				throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
			}
			final Entry<K, V> e = next;
			if (e == null) {
				throw new NoSuchElementException();
			}

			if ((next = e.next) == null) {
				final Entry[] t = table;
				while (index < t.length && (next = t[index++]) == null) {
					;
				}
			}
			current = e;
			return e;
		}

		@Override
		public void remove() {
			if (current == null) {
				throw new IllegalStateException();
			}
			if (modCount != expectedModCount) {
				throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
			}
			final Object k = current.key;
			current = null;
			AnticollisionHashMap.this.removeEntryForKey(k);
			expectedModCount = modCount;
		}

	}

	private final class ValueIterator extends HashIterator<V> {
		@Override
		public V next() {
			return nextEntry().value;
		}
	}

	private final class KeyIterator extends HashIterator<K> {
		@Override
		public K next() {
			return nextEntry().getKey();
		}
	}

	private final class EntryIterator extends HashIterator<Map.Entry<K, V>> {
		@Override
		public Map.Entry<K, V> next() {
			return nextEntry();
		}
	}

	// Subclass overrides these to alter behavior of views' iterator() method
	Iterator<K> newKeyIterator() {
		return new KeyIterator();
	}

	Iterator<V> newValueIterator() {
		return new ValueIterator();
	}

	Iterator<Map.Entry<K, V>> newEntryIterator() {
		return new EntryIterator();
	}

	// Views

	private transient Set<Map.Entry<K, V>> entrySet = null;

	/**
	 * Returns a {@link Set} view of the keys contained in this map. The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are reflected in the set, and
	 * vice-versa. If the map is modified while an iteration over the set is in progress (except through the iterator's own <tt>remove</tt> operation), the
	 * results of the iteration are undefined. The set supports element removal, which removes the corresponding mapping from the map, via the
	 * <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>, <tt>Set.remove</tt>, <tt>removeAll</tt>, <tt>retainAll</tt>, and <tt>clear</tt> operations. It does not support the
	 * <tt>add</tt> or <tt>addAll</tt> operations.
	 */
	@Override
	public Set<K> keySet() {

		final Set<K> ks = keySet;
		return (ks != null ? ks : (keySet = new KeySet()));
	}

	private final class KeySet extends AbstractSet<K> {
		@Override
		public Iterator<K> iterator() {
			return newKeyIterator();
		}

		@Override
		public int size() {
			return size;
		}

		@Override
		public boolean contains(Object o) {
			return containsKey(o);
		}

		@Override
		public boolean remove(Object o) {
			return AnticollisionHashMap.this.removeEntryForKey(o) != null;
		}

		@Override
		public void clear() {
			AnticollisionHashMap.this.clear();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Returns a {@link Collection} view of the values contained in this map. The collection is backed by the map, so changes to the map are reflected in the
	 * collection, and vice-versa. If the map is modified while an iteration over the collection is in progress (except through the iterator's own
	 * <tt>remove</tt> operation), the results of the iteration are undefined. The collection supports element removal, which removes the corresponding mapping
	 * from the map, via the <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>, <tt>Collection.remove</tt>, <tt>removeAll</tt>, <tt>retainAll</tt> and <tt>clear</tt> operations. It does
	 * not support the <tt>add</tt> or <tt>addAll</tt> operations.
	 */
	@Override
	public Collection<V> values() {
		final Collection<V> vs = values;
		return (vs != null ? vs : (values = new Values()));
	}

	private final class Values extends AbstractCollection<V> {
		@Override
		public Iterator<V> iterator() {
			return newValueIterator();
		}

		@Override
		public int size() {
			return size;
		}

		@Override
		public boolean contains(Object o) {
			return containsValue(o);
		}

		@Override
		public void clear() {
			AnticollisionHashMap.this.clear();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Returns a {@link Set} view of the mappings contained in this map. The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are reflected in the set, and
	 * vice-versa. If the map is modified while an iteration over the set is in progress (except through the iterator's own <tt>remove</tt> operation, or
	 * through the <tt>setValue</tt> operation on a map entry returned by the iterator) the results of the iteration are undefined. The set supports element
	 * removal, which removes the corresponding mapping from the map, via the <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>, <tt>Set.remove</tt>, <tt>removeAll</tt> ,
	 * <tt>retainAll</tt> and <tt>clear</tt> operations. It does not support the <tt>add</tt> or <tt>addAll</tt> operations.
	 * 
	 * @return a set view of the mappings contained in this map
	 */
	@Override
	public Set<Map.Entry<K, V>> entrySet() {
		return entrySet0();
	}

	private Set<Map.Entry<K, V>> entrySet0() {
		final Set<Map.Entry<K, V>> es = entrySet;
		return es != null ? es : (entrySet = new EntrySet());
	}

	private final class EntrySet extends AbstractSet<Map.Entry<K, V>> {
		@Override
		public Iterator<Map.Entry<K, V>> iterator() {
			return newEntryIterator();
		}

		@Override
		public boolean contains(Object o) {
			if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry)) {
				return false;
			}
			final Map.Entry<K, V> e = (Map.Entry<K, V>) o;
			final Entry<K, V> candidate = getEntry(e.getKey());
			return candidate != null && candidate.equals(e);
		}

		@Override
		public boolean remove(Object o) {
			return removeMapping(o) != null;
		}

		@Override
		public int size() {
			return size;
		}

		@Override
		public void clear() {
			AnticollisionHashMap.this.clear();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Save the state of the <tt>SafelyHashMap</tt> instance to a stream (i.e., serialize it).
	 * 
	 * @serialData The <i>capacity</i> of the SafelyHashMap (the length of the bucket array) is emitted (int), followed by the <i>size</i> (an int, the number
	 *             of key-value mappings), followed by the key (Object) and value (Object) for each key-value mapping. The key-value mappings are emitted in no
	 *             particular order.
	 */
	private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s) throws IOException {
		final Iterator<Map.Entry<K, V>> i = (size > 0) ? entrySet0().iterator() : null;

		// Write out the threshold, loadfactor, and any hidden stuff
		s.defaultWriteObject();

		// Write out number of buckets
		s.writeInt(table.length);

		// Write out size (number of Mappings)
		s.writeInt(size);

		// Write out keys and values (alternating)
		if (i != null) {
			while (i.hasNext()) {
				final Map.Entry<K, V> e = i.next();
				s.writeObject(e.getKey());
				s.writeObject(e.getValue());
			}
		}
	}

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 362498820763181265L;

	/**
	 * Reconstitute the <tt>SafelyHashMap</tt> instance from a stream (i.e., deserialize it).
	 */
	private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
		// Read in the threshold, loadfactor, and any hidden stuff
		s.defaultReadObject();

		// Read in number of buckets and allocate the bucket array;
		final int numBuckets = s.readInt();
		table = new Entry[numBuckets];

		init(); // Give subclass a chance to do its thing.

		// Read in size (number of Mappings)
		final int size = s.readInt();

		// Read the keys and values, and put the mappings in the SafelyHashMap
		for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
			final K key = (K) s.readObject();
			final V value = (V) s.readObject();
			putForCreate(key, value);
		}
	}

	// These methods are used when serializing HashSets
	int capacity() {
		return table.length;
	}

	float loadFactor() {
		return loadFactor;
	}

}
